The invention also relates to sources for obtaining said genetic determinant, representative seed of which were deposited with the ncimb. Plant disease june 2007 749 sources of resistance to pepino mosaic virus in tomato accessions kaishu ling, united states department of agricultureagricultural research service, u. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv is an emerging pathogen that causes severe economic losses in tomato crops solanum lycopersicum l. Sources of resistance to pepino mosaic virus in tomato. Pepino mosaic virus an endemic pathogen of tomato crops. The genome contains five major open reading frames orfs encoding a 164. Nanoparticles with high aspect ratios have favorable attributes for drug delivery and bioimaging applications based on their enhanced tissue penetration and tumor homing properties. In recent years, tomato solanum lycopersicum greenhouse crops have been increasingly affected by the highly contagious potexvirus pepino mosaic virus pepmv, which was first described in 1980 on pepino solanum muricatum in peru jones et al. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv was first described in 1980 on pepino solanum muricatum in peru jones et al. The genomic rna of the virus is approximately 6,400 nt long and encodes five open. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv belongs to the potexvirus genus of the flexiviridae family. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv0documents eppo global database. Pepino mosaic virus, a new potexvirus from pepino solanum. Begomoviruses and other whitefly transmitted viruses are invading into new areas, and several recently described new viruses such as tomato torrado virus and new.
To prevent damage caused by pepmv, crossprotection is used in some countries. Biodistribution of filamentous plant virus nanoparticles. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. A virus that has recently caused a large impact on tomato cultivation is pepino mosaic virus pepmv. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv has caused great concern in the greenhouse tomato industry after it was found causing a new disease in tomato in 1999. Realtime quantitative pcr based sensitive detection and. Pepino mosaic virus isolate ch2 isolate 1906 is deposited in genbank, under accession number jn835466 and it is a wildtype mild strain isolated from a commercial crop of tomatoes in belgium. Although the virus only causes major problems in tomato. Pepino mosaic virus i am writing to seek your views on a uk policy position regarding pepino mosaic virus pepmv. To obtain a full copy of proposed registration decision prd201812, pepino mosaic virus, strain ch2, isolate 1906 and pmv01 please contact our publications office should you require further information please contact the pest management information service.
Vegetable seed quality, storage and handling action points. The earliest descriptions of pepmv suggest a recent jump from nontomato species e. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv, a member of the genus potexvirus in the family flex iviridae, was first described in. As can be inferred from its name, cucumber mosaic virus often affects cucumbers, but it is also a common problem for tomatoes, melons, squashes, and other plants. Mixed infections of pepino mosaic virus strains modulate. General information about pepino mosaic virus pepmv0 eppo global database. In recent years, pepino mosaic virus pepmv has rapidly evolved from an emerging virus to an endemic pathogen, as it causes significant loses to tomato crops worldwide. This standard describes a diagnostic protocol for detection and identification of pepino mosaic virus in all plant parts, particularly on tomato seeds1. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv, a previously undescribed virus, was found in fields of pepino solanum muricatum in the canete valley in coastal peru. The ease of mechanical transmission of pepmv from contaminated tomato seed to seedlings makes commercial tomato seed a potential source of initial virus inoculum.
Pdf realtime quantitative pcr based sensitive detection. Pdf seed transmission of pepino mosaic virus in tomato. Proposed registration decision prd201812, pepino mosaic. In economic terms, the most important disease caused is in tomato, where early foliage symptoms include mosaic, leaf distortion and surface bubbling, and. Ecological and genetic determinants of pepino mosaic virus.
Following its original detection, it was not until 1999 that this pathogen was discovered infecting tomato plants grown in many greenhouses in. Hydroponic systems andor intensive irrigation is used widely in the commercial production of tomato and potato, so we have explored the possibility that water is a source of infection of these two crops, using relatively stable and transmissible plant viruses and a plant viroid. Pepino mosaic virus in greenhouse tomatoes march, 2018 virus description and distribution pepino mosaic virus pepmv is a member of genus potexvirus which infects mainly solanaceous plants, including tomato, potato and tobacco. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv genus potexvirus is an important pathogen of tomato crops worldwide and a typical example of an emergent plant virus 6, 7. It was first isolated in 1974 in peru from pepino plants solanum muricatum, and was reported as a pathogen of tomato lycopersicon esculentum in 1999 in greenhouses in the netherlands. Viral crossprotection in plants is a phenomenon, where a mild virus isolate can. Top of page pepino mosaic virus pepmv is a definitive species of the genus. It was a relatively minor problem on pepino for almost 20 years until the first observation of the virus infecting greenhouse tomatoes in the netherlands. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv was first reported in europe in the late 1990s wright and mumford 1999. Pest risk analysis for pepino mosaic virus and pospiviroids associated with tomato seed we are conducting a pest risk analysis for pepino mosaic virus and pospiviroids associated with tomato seed.
Pdf first report of pepino mosaic virus on tomato researchgate. The diagnosis of the tomato variant of pepino mosaic virus. Realtime quantitative pcr based sensitive detection and genotype discrimination of pepino mosaic virus. It later started infecting tomato solanum lycopersicum crops in the netherlands and the united kingdom 4, 5. First report of pepino mosaic virus on tomato article pdf available in plant disease 841 january 2000 with 1,644 reads how we measure reads.
Furthermore, humans, including infants and children, continuously consume plant viruses, including pepino mosaic virus, strain ch2, isolate 1906, due to the ubiquitous nature of these viruses in plants and fruits, and no cases have been documented of any plant. Pepmv has flexuous rodlike particles, which encapsidate a messengersense, singlestranded rna ssrna genome of about 6. Despite precautions during seed production and the absence of visible disease symptoms in the seed crop. From the season 19992000 the virus started to damage greenhouse tomato crops in europe. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv is a seedborne virus of importance in greenhouse tomato. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv was originally described from pepino. Since then, pepmv has rapidly achieved worldwide distribution, despite the attempts to. Pepmv 6, a potexvirus, was first reported in pepino solanum muricatum in. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv, genus potexvirus is an emergent and highly infectious pathogen responsible for economically important diseases in tomato crops. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv pest rating proposals and. Survival and transmission of potato virus y, pepino mosaic. Pdf pepino mosaic virus pepmv has the potential to cause serious tomato disease. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv, genus potexvirus, family alphaflexiviridae 1, 2 was originally identified in peru on the pepino plant melonpear, solanum muricatum in 1974. The present invention relates to a tomato plant solanum lycopersicum l.
Pepino mosaic virus of tomato new results on strains. Host range and symptomatology of pepino mosaic virus. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv is an emerging pathogen in. Genetic characterization of pepino mosaic virus isolates. Pepino mosaic virus an overview sciencedirect topics. The diagnosis of the tomato variant of pepino mosaic virus biotools. This follows an earlier consultation in 20 when the current policy approach was developed and the aim is identify the most appropriate approach for the future in. After this initial description no further findings were recorded. The virus was reisolated from pepino in the region in the 1980s c. Pepmv was transmitted by inoculation of sap to 32 species from three families out of 47 species from nine families tested.
Seed transmission of pepino mosaic virus in tomato. At present, the main control strategy for prevention of pepmv disease in tomato production remains based on strict hygiene measures. Mild pepino mosaic virus isolate vx1 is a new active substance for which, in accordance with article 7 of regulation ec no 11072009 of the european parliament and of the council hereinafter referred to as the regulation, the rapporteur member state rms, the netherlands, received an application from valto b. Its stability in contaminated plant tissues, its transmission through seeds, and the. Pepino mosaic virus was first described in 1980 when it was isolated from pepino solanum muricatum plants that were collected in 1974 from the coastal region of peru jones et al. Fruit was harvested from a tomato crop artificially infected with both european and ch2 genotypes of pepmv and more than 100,000 seeds were. The recommended minimum sample size is 3,000 seeds with a. Us20190335694a1 pepino mosaic virus resistant tomato. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv, a potexvirus, was first described in 1980 from pepino solanum muricatum in peru. Pm 71 1 pepino mosaic virus 20 eppo bulletin wiley.
Pepino mosaic is an emerging disease for greenhouse tomato production. Pepmv virions are nonenveloped flexuous rods that contain a monopartite, positive. Potexvirus is a genus of pathogenic viruses in the order tymovirales, in the family alphaflexiviridae. This page is a summary of the consultation document. Documents about pepino mosaic virus pepmv0 number title download. Infection assays using indicator plants confirmed the presence of. The virus was soon identified as pepino mosaic virus, belonging to the potex group, which is characterised as highly infectious and persistent. Fruit was harvested from a tomato crop artificially infected with both european and ch2 genotypes of pepmv and more than 100,000 seeds were extracted and cleaned using an enzymatic treatment without disinfection. Pdf pepino mosaic virus a pathogen of tomato crops in poland. If you would like to comment, please request the full consultation document. In this manuscript we provide evidence for the seed transmission of pepino mosaic virus pepmv in tomato.
Infection of tomato was not reported until 1999, when the virus was first detected in tomato greenhouse crops in the. In 1999 the virus was again diagnosed from greenhousegrown tomato plants in the netherlands. It was originally detected on pepino plants solanum muricatum in peru in 1974. An extensive survey of tomato plants showing pepmv.
Pepino mosaic virus, an emerging disease in greenhouse. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv belongs to the genus potexvirus and has virions that are nonenveloped flexuous rods of 508 nm in length. We will conduct the pest risk analysis in three key steps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chemo and thermotherapeutic. The molecular biology, epidemiology, and evolutionary dynamics of pepino mosaic virus pepmv are much better understood than those of tomato torrado virus totv. Pepino mosaic virussynonyms including former names. The pepmv genome is a 6410nucleotidelong single strand of rna. Pepmv is a positivesense singlestranded rnavirus that belongs to the potexviruses, with potato virus x as the type species. There are currently 37 species in this genus including the type species potato virus x. Pepino mosaic virus and pospiviroids in tomato seed. Genetic diversity and population structure of pepino. The objective of this paper is to investigate alternative hosts and compare important biological characteristics of the three pepmv strains occurring in europe when tested under different environmental conditions. Cucumber mosaic virus is one of the most common types of mosaic viruses, and it is usually spread by aphids. Pepino mosaic virus tobacco mosaic virus tomato mosaic virus figure 2.
Factsheet 2516 pepino mosaic virus of tomato new results on strains, symptoms and persistence survival in roots and composted waste survival of pepmv in roots and soil was investigated by pulling out known infected tomato plants from an organic crop and testing the small roots that remained in the soil at twoweek intervals for six weeks. Effectiveness of chemo and thermotherapeutic treatments. Here, we investigated a novel filamentous viral nanoparticle vnp based on the pepino mosaic virus pepmv, a relative of the established platform potato virus x pvx. Pdf early in 1999 a new viral disease occurred in protected tomato lycopersicon esculentum crops in the netherlands. The need for this genome characterization does not facilitate quick developments of sensitive methods. Pepino mosaic virus pepmv0overview eppo global database. Furthermore, humans, including infants and children, continuously consume plant viruses, including pepino mosaic virus, strain ch2, isolate 1906, due to the ubiquitous nature of these viruses in plants and fruits, and no cases have been documented of any plant virus causing toxicity or diseases in humans or animals. In fact, it is considered one of the most significant viral diseases for tomato production worldwide, and it may constitute a good model for the analysis of virus emergence in crops.
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